Italy has implemented ECC directives nn. 91/156 on general waste, 91/689 on hazardous waste and 94/62 on packaging waste through specific laws aimed at regulating the area of waste management in all its possible forms.

Currently, Law n. 36/2003 provides for the obligation to underwrite this specific guarantee in order to obtain the authorization for the construction and the management of waste management sites. More specifically, the law requests two types of guarantees:

• One for the activation and management of the site, including its closure;
• One for the management of the site after its closure including maintenance, surveillance and control over the closed dump.

The guarantees must be presented when the activity is started and to obtain the authorization.